Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Urban Slum of Goner at Jaipur City
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:1 - 4]
Keywords: Goner slum area, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Jaipur, Prevalence
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0221 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that can cause both acute and chronic liver diseases. These viruses are most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids during sex with an infected partner, unsafe injections, or exposures to sharp instruments. However, it could be caused by nonintact skin or mucous membranes coming into touch with tears, saliva, or blood-carrying hepatitis B virus (HBV)—infected fluids or by sharing toothbrushes. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly prevalent in slum areas of India. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in a slum area of Goner in Jaipur, India. Materials and methods: A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study from October 2018 to April 2019 and tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The study was conducted in slum areas, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 101 cases enrolled, 54 (53.46%) were males and 47 (46.53%) were females. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was found to be 2.97 and 0.99%, respectively. The most affected age-group was above 70 years of age and the 40–50 years age-group. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV was found to be 2.97%, and only 0.99% for HCV. There is a need to carry out regular surveillance and test for other hepatitis-causing viruses, too.
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:5 - 9]
Keywords: ABO-incompatible, Kidney transplantation, Live donor transplant, Renal transplant
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0225 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Background: Renal transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering improved quality of life and increased survival rates for patients. This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplants, including their historical context, immunological challenges, clinical outcomes, and evolving protocols. Despite the greater risk, the survival rates of these kidneys are higher than those of cadaveric kidneys and comparable with ABO-compatible (ABOc) renal transplants. Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care center in northwest India. A total of 126 patients who underwent living donor ABOi renal transplant admitted under the department of nephrology were analyzed as per their demographic profile, desensitization protocols followed and clinical outcomes, and long-term patient and graft survival rates in ABOi kidney transplants (KT) compared to ABOc transplants. Results: Patient survival in this study has been a 96.03% and graft survival was 92.06% at year 1 and 88.09 and 79.36% at year 5 which is comparable to ABOc at our hospital with patient survival 98% and graft survival 94% at year 1 and 90 and 85% at year 5. Conclusion: Our series demonstrates the efficacy of ABOi transplant, with excellent survival of both the patient and the graft, without any increase in the incidence of infectious complications. Using a tailored desensitization technique, ABOi living-donor kidney transplant (LDKT) is a safe and feasible option for renal replacement therapy.
Exploring Patient Satisfaction with Dietary Services in the Tertiary Hospital: An Analytical Study
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:10 - 15]
Keywords: Dietary, Meal service, Patient satisfaction, Quality, Quantity
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0222 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Introduction: Dietary services ensure that patients receive adequate nutrients, preventing the development or worsening of malnutrition. Good-quality meals provided by dietary services can improve patients’ overall hospital experience. Satisfying and nutritious food positively impacts mood and patient satisfaction, contributing to a more comfortable stay. So, the research aims to examine how satisfied patients are with the dietary department at a teaching tertiary hospital. Materials and methods: This study employs a cross-sectional analytical design, combining quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods. Purposive sampling is employed to select participants from among ward patients at the teaching tertiary hospital. The pretested structured questionnaire based on the acute care hospital foodservice patient satisfaction questionnaire (ACHFPSQ) was used to measure patients’ satisfaction with dietary services. Results: The majority of patients are satisfied with the dietary advice and quality of meals provided by the staff. They feel empowered to choose meals according to their preferences and appreciate timely and appealing service. However, a significant portion (46%) feel hungry between main meals, indicating a gap in addressing between meal nutritional needs. While most patients (over 90%) believe they receive sufficient portions, some (15%) feel quality is inconsistent, especially regarding rice, roti, vegetables, bread, and milk. Conclusion: The findings reflect a predominantly positive perception among patients, with a notable appreciation for the dietary staff's courteous behavior, timely meal delivery, and diverse meal options. Patients expressed contentment with the quantity of meals, yet some indicated occasional variations in food quality. Addressing these variations could further enhance patient satisfaction and reinforce consistent high standards.
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:16 - 19]
Keywords: Amitriptyline, Cancer, Gabapentin, Neuropathic pain, Pregabalin
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0240 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Background: The quality of life and regular functioning of cancer patients can be severely compromised by pain. Due to direct nerve invasion, plexus compression, adverse effects from radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, and cancer pain, neuropathic pain is commonly recognized as a consequence. Improvements in psychological and functional well-being as well as overall quality of life depend on neuropathic pain relief. Materials and methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups based on the treatment: group P (pregabalin), group G (gabapentin), and group A (amitriptyline). The intensity of pain was measured using numerical rating scale (NRS) and Douleur Neuropathic 4 (DN4) questionnaire, which was used to evaluate neuropathic component. Changes in pain and neuropathic component were assessed at the baseline and after 4th week of follow-up. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software at level of significance being p < 0.05. Results: At baseline, the mean ± SD of NRS score in group P was 7.20 ± 0.79, in group G was 7.27 ± 0.92, and in group A was 7.06 ± 0.53. In 4th week, the mean ± SD of NRS score in group P was 3.66 ± 0.69, in group G was 3.53 ± 0.45, and in group A was 3.83 ± 0.78. At baseline, the mean ± SD of DN4 score in group P was 7.13 ± 0.80, in group G was 7.37 ± 0.92, and in group A was 6.93 ± 0.85. In 4th week, the mean ± SD of DN4 score in group P was 3.93 ± 0.62, in group G was 3.73 ± 0.52 and in group A was 4.46 ± 0.92. Conclusion: Cancer patients with neuropathic pain respond well to amitriptyline, gabapentin, and pregabalin treatments. However, compared to pregabalin and amitriptyline, gabapentin was found to be more efficacious and to have better patient compliance.
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:20 - 25]
Keywords: Coca-Cola, Coffee, Color, Composite resin, Cranberry, Spectrophotometry, Tea, Tooth discoloration, Ultraviolet
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0242 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Background: This study compares the color stability of two types of composite restoration under different beverages used in daily life. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four beverages on color stability of microhybrid and nanohybrid resin composites using a spectrophotometer. Materials and methods: A total of 50 specimens were prepared from a nanohybrid (Brilliant NG-Coltene Whaledent) and microhybrid (Spectrum 3D-Dentsply) composite of 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The specimens were randomly divided into five subgroups based on the staining solutions (tea, Coca-Cola, coffee, cranberry juice, and control). Ten specimens from both groups were taken and immersed in 10 mL of staining solutions for 10 minutes per day for 7 days. Color of the specimens was measured with an ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis: The resultant values were evaluated statistically using unpaired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: Both resin composites showed color variations that were clinically unacceptable (the Delta-E values >3.3). Conclusion: Among the two materials compared, the difference in discoloration was not statistically significant. However, it was observed that tea and coffee caused the most discoloration in microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins, respectively, which was statistically significant compared to other beverages.
A Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:3] [Pages No:26 - 28]
Keywords: Case report, Renal angiomyolipoma, Giant angiomyolipoma, Young girl
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0230 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Introduction: Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) has been increasingly diagnosed incidentally in the cross-sectional radiological study. Case presentation: We present a renal AML in a 16-year-old girl who presented with increasing abdominal distention and irregular menstruation for the last 2 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and chest revealed abdominopelvic hypodense predominantly cystic attenuation mass measuring 40.6 × 24.7 cm with internal septation with significant wall enhancement. A whole-body positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scan revealed a faintly fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid well-circumscribed lesion measuring 14.3 × 24.7 × 40.7 cm with high-dose (HD) unit-20. Ultrasonography (USG)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed low-grade/benign spindle cell neoplasm. The resected surgical specimen was 45 × 26 × 30 cm and weighed 12.5 kg. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) reports favored AML. Conclusion: The giant AML, in our case, is heaviest by weight and largest by dimension in both sporadic and syndromic renal AML, as reported in the literature.
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:29 - 32]
Keywords: Case report, Enamel surface, Esthetic treatment, Fluorosis, Hypoplasia, Microabrasion, Resin infiltration
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0229 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
The present case report represents a combination of minimally invasive techniques, such as resin infiltration and microabrasion, to restore dental fluorosis (DF) on the maxillary anterior teeth of a young patient. Brown spot lesions were initially first treated with microabrasion therapy, followed by treatment of white spots with etching and infiltration with two sessions of resin. The treatment produced satisfactory esthetic results. It is important that an accurate diagnosis be made; the depth of lesions must be estimated, and the effectiveness and limitations of each technique must be known to aid in choosing the right treatment for best esthetic outcomes. Conservative management of DF may involve a combination of modalities like microabrasion and resin infiltration, depending on severity variations, specific needs, and desired results.
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:33 - 37]
Keywords: Case report, Cone-beam computed tomography, Implant surgery, Real guide software, Rehabilitation
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0247 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
The introduction of digital dentistry and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has redefined treatment concepts in implant dentistry—computer-guided implant placement has become routine practice, and CAD/CAM prostheses are now commonplace. These advances in treatment options and modalities have led to a paradigm shift in the workflow of surgical and restorative treatments. This case report presents a customized staged treatment protocol that involves the discussion and critical evaluation of the parameters influencing the dependability of three-dimensional implant planning and static guided implant placement utilizing surgical templates. The treatment protocol also describes an integrated digital and conventional workflow for implant-supported fixed prosthetic rehabilitations of anterior maxillary region to provide improved patient care with more predictable outcomes and fewer complications.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Anterior Maxillary Teeth Using a Digital Method: A Case Report
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:38 - 43]
Keywords: Case report, Comparison of smiles, Fixed prosthesis, Patient perception, Perception, Quality of life, Resin, Smile esthetic, Visual perception
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0246 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
This article had the objective of reporting a case of esthetic rehabilitation with fractured anterior teeth due to trauma and an unpleasant smile due to discoloration. A digital smile design (DSD) was first virtually created and then followed by a diagnostic wax-up digitally followed by a gingival contouring procedure. Anterior guidance was developed after articulating the casts digitally followed by crown designing was done. All ceramic lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated and cemented using universal adhesive in combination with light-curing cement. Cementation was performed immediately following an occlusal adjustment. The patient returned for a follow-up appointment another 14 days after the luting process, in which a further occlusal adjustment was performed, and he reported complete satisfaction with the treatment. Aims and background: The purpose of this case is to enhance the esthetics of the patient and fulfill all the required theoretical evidence-based processes which we apply while rehabilitation an anterior esthetic smile designing case. It thoroughly explains the new era of digital dentistry which has an ease of work for both dentists and lab technicians.
A Novel Technique for Fabricating an Ocular Prosthesis: A Case Report
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:44 - 48]
Keywords: Case report, Custom ocular prosthesis, Ocular defect
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0248 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Aims and background: The purpose of this case report is to describe a relatively simple and economically feasible method to fabricate an ocular prosthesis. Various techniques have been described previously; however, some are technique-sensitive and invasive while others are expensive. Case description: A 79-year-old male patient reported to our department with a chief complaint of missing left eye for the last 10 years due to road traffic accident. He had a prosthesis fabricated previously but was not satisfied with it due to ill fit and poor esthetics. The rehabilitation plan for this case was to fabricate a new ocular prosthesis using the existing one. The prosthesis was used as a custom tray to record the impression with admixed technique to obtain the dimensions of the defect. A putty mold of the impression was made. Wax pattern was fabricated using this mold. Iris positioning was done using transparent graph paper followed by wax pattern trial to check the depth, bulk, and fit in accordance with the contralateral eye. Dewaxing and processing were done, followed by iris painting and second-stage curing. Prosthesis insertion was done and necessary instructions were given to the patient. Conclusion: A patient with an ocular defect was provided an ocular prosthesis which involved easy procedures and use of minimal materials. Though the vision was not reestablished, the patient's self-confidence was drastically improved. The use of the existing prosthesis as a special tray eliminated the need for a conventional primary impression that decreased the patient's discomfort. This technique also avoids the use of other invasive measures. Clinical significance: This technique is useful in fabrication of ocular prosthesis with patients with an existing prosthesis as it reduces the chair time, is economical as well as noninvasive, and reduces patient discomfort.
Advancement of Medical Education: A Changing Global Concept
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:3] [Pages No:49 - 51]
Keywords: Continuing education, Education, Medical, Medical education, Professional
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0227 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Medical education (ME) continues to evolve in modern times but has roots in ancient traditions. With a need to incorporate updated, newer technologies, ME enables us to prepare future physicians and surgeons. Pregraduate and postgraduate ME paradigms and their time-tested curricula are constantly being upgraded with vertical and horizontal integration in the knowledge of medical sciences, along with inevitable medical research. There are constantly growing many diverse branches of medical sciences, which are essential for providing comprehensive, specialized, and patient-centered healthcare treatments, staying well-informed of medical advancements, and addressing the varied health challenges of modern medicine. Integrating modern medical diagnostic tools is fundamental to improving patient outcomes, enhancing the precision of medical interventions, and advancing our understanding of various health conditions rather than simply treating diseases.
Three Plants Kings of Dentistry: A Review on Aloe Vera, Allium Sativum, and Mangifera Indica
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:52 - 57]
Keywords: Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Dentistry, Mangifera indica, Medicinal plants
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0224 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
The challenges to practicing dentistry deal with giving our patients the best possible care and best possible advice relating to managing their oral healthcare needs. With all the advancements in material science, there is still not an ideal dental care product. Researchers across the world have been turning to traditional remedies to meet oral healthcare challenges. This article aims to explore the pharmacotherapeutics of three known medicinal plants, aloe, garlic, and mango, which are easily available and extensively studied for their beneficial effects.
Understanding the Association between Loss of Teeth and Systemic Conditions: A Review
[Year:2023] [Month:January-December] [Volume:8] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:58 - 63]
Keywords: Chronic heart disease, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Neoplasm, Periodontitis, Tooth loss
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0223 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive review to provide a better understanding of prominent systemic conditions associated with the loss of teeth. Background: Among other parameters that define oral health, tooth loss as a parameter has the potential to affect the overall health of an individual. With the loss of teeth, there is impaired mastication that can affect the general health of an individual and is known to make an individual susceptible to several chronic systemic conditions. There is substantial evidence that draws attention to the association between the loss of teeth and systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), malignancies, and cognitive decline. It is hypothesized that impaired mastication, along with nutritional deficiencies and periodontitis, leads to an inflammatory response found in patients with missing teeth, which are the two possible pathways of the association between the loss of teeth and systemic conditions. Review results: This review summarizes the evidence on what is known so far regarding the correlation between a loss of teeth and certain systemic conditions. Conclusion: A clear understanding of the evidence that explains the effect of loss of teeth on systemic conditions is provided. Clinical significance: The implications of this correlation are further substantiated in this review for a better interprofessional correlation for effective preventive and therapeutic healthcare solutions.