Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology

Register      Login

VOLUME 9 , ISSUE 1--3 ( January-December, 2024 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Prevalence and Identification of Nonfermentative Gram-negative Bacilli among Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur

Supyar Kumawat, Ved P Mamoria, Richa Sharma

Keywords : Nonfermenter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii

Citation Information : Kumawat S, Mamoria VP, Sharma R. Prevalence and Identification of Nonfermentative Gram-negative Bacilli among Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2024; 9 (1--3):1-4.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10057-0244

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 23-10-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aims and objectives: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) cause wide spectrum of infections, including nosocomial pneumonia, secondary meningitis, surgical wound infections, skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and transmission via the hand of hospital personnel. Most of the nonfermenters cause nosocomial bloodstream infections, particularly in debilitated and immunocompromised hosts. The study aimed to prevalence and identification of NFGNB isolates in the clinical samples among patients at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. Introduction: In recent decades, infections most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii have also occurred outside the intensive care unit (ICU) or in trauma patients after natural disasters and they have even affected patients after comorbidities in the community. Materials and methods: All NFGNB isolates from different clinical samples received in clinical microbiology laboratory from outpatients & inpatients Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, were included in the study. Routine microscopy of samples was done. Gram staining was done for all samples except urine. All clinical samples were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar was incubated at 37° for 18–24 hours. Colony characteristics were observed. All the organisms that produced pale or colorless colonies on MacConkey agar and also showed GNB on Gram staining of the colonies were considered to be NFGNB and further identified by VITEK 2 compact system. Results: Among 10,707 samples, 879 NFGNB isolates were obtained, so the prevalence of NFGNB in the study was 8.20%. The result was analyzed as follows: out of 879 NFGNB isolates were obtained, of which 415 (47.21%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 378 (43.00%), Burkholderia cepacia 29 (3.30%), Burkholderia pseudomallei 17 (1.93%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 16 (1.82%), Acinetobacter lwoffii 7 (0.80%), Pseudomonas putida 6 (0.68%), Acinetobacter coffee 2 (0.23%), Acinetobacter fwinii 2 (0.23%), Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 (0.23%), Pseudomonas stutzeri 2 (0.23%), Acinetobacter junii 1 (0.11%), Acinetobacter haemolyticus 1 (0.11%), and Pseudomonas luteola 1 (0.11%). Conclusion: Based on this study, it could be concluded hardships will be experienced in all NFGNB treatments unless the necessary precautions are taken. In order to prevent the spreading of infection control measures should be taken, and clinicians and hospital hygienic rules should be observed.


PDF Share
  1. Koneman EW, Alen SD, Janda WM, et al. The nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. In: Color Atlas and Text Book of Diagnostic Microbiology, 5th edition, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1997; pp. 253–309.
  2. Mishra E, Bhujwala RA, Shriniwas. Non-fermenters in human infection. Indian J Med Res 1986;(83):561–566.
  3. Gardener P, Griffin WB, Swartz MN, et al. Nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli of nosocomial interest. Amer J Med 1970;(48):735–749.
  4. Kiska DL, Gilligan PH. Pseudomonas. In: Murray PR, Baron Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH (Eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th edition, Washington DC: ASM Press; 2003; vol (1), pp. 719–728.
  5. Siou CS, Mario V, Lenie D, et al. Identification of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria of clinical importance by an oligonucleotide array. J Med Microbiol 2009;(58):596–605.
  6. Koneman E, Allen S, Janda W, et al. Colour Atlas and textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 2006; pp. 305–391.
  7. Govan JRW. Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia. In: Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marimion, Simmons A (Eds). Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th edition. India: Churchchill Livingstone; 2006; pp. 448–461.
  8. Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM, et al. Nosocomial blood stream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nation-wide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(3):309–317.
  9. Joyanes P, del Carmen Conejo M, Martinez L, et al. Evaluation of the VITEK 2 system for the identification and susceptibility testing of three species of nonfermenting gram-negative rods frequently isolated from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3247–3253.
  10. Susmitha S, Padmaja Y, Ramesh BM, et al. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nonfermentive gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Health Sci Res 2016;105(6):105–111.
  11. Gomathi M, Dillirani V, Nithya C. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Microbiol Res 2016;3(4):387–391.
  12. Prashant KP, Basvaraj VP. Non-fermenters in human infection with special reference to Acinetobacter species in a tertiary care hospital from North Karnataka. India JKIMSU 2012;1(1):84–88.
  13. Ruchita M, Neeraj, Sarika, et al. Isolation and identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital. Sch J App Med Sci 2016;4(3D):872–876.
  14. Ridhima W, Yash S, Renuka PU, et al. Nosocomial infection by nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli in tertiary care hospital: screening and cure. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8(3):274–277.
  15. Parimal HP, Jayshree DP, Sanjay DR, et al. Prevalence of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli infection in tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res 2013;6(2):608–613.
  16. Asifa N, Bushra YP, Ifshana S. Spectrum of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Int J Res Med Sci 2019;7(5):1762–1766.
  17. Rashid A, Chowdhury A, Rahman S, et al. Infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates from Dhaka Medical College Hospital Bangladesh. J Med Microbiol 2007;1(2):48–51.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.