Removal of the mandibular single incisor is an alternative approach to treat some malocclusion. Many treatment strategies are presently used for crowded mandibular anterior dentition that include distalization of posterior teeth, slenderization, extraction of bicuspids, and extraction of mandibular incisors. This report presents the case of a boy aged 17 years with class I type III malocclusion, and the case is treated with lower single-incisor extraction due to the presence of crowding in mandibular anterior teeth, Bolton discrepancy in lower anterior by more than 4 mm, anterior cross bite, and the periodontally compromised single incisor. These all indicated the extraction of mandibular single incisor.
How to cite this article
Mittal K, Bohra S, Yadav S, Kakkar A. Mandibular Single-incisor Extraction: An Efficient Treatment Approach. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(2):97-101.
Bahreman AA. Lower incisor extraction in orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1977 Nov;72(5):560-567.
Valinoti JR. Mandibular incisor extraction therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994 Feb;105(2):107-116.
Riedel RA, Little RM, Bui TD. Mandibular incisor extraction—post retention evaluation of stability and relapse. Angle Orthod 1992 Summer;62(2):103-116.
Sheridan JJ, Hastings J. Air-rotor stripping and lower incisor extraction treatment. J Clin Orthod 1992 Jan;26(1):18-22.
Faerovig E, Zachrisson BU. Effects of mandibular incisor extraction on anterior occlusion in adults with Class III malocclusion and reduced overbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999 Feb;115(2):113-124.
Miller RJ, Duong TT, Derakhshan M. Lower incisor extraction treatment with the Invisalign system. J Clin Orthod 2002 Feb;36(2):95-102.
Nanda R, Uribe E. Considerations in mandibular incisor extraction cases. J Clin Orthod 2009 Jan;43(1):45-51.
Bishara SE, Cummins DM, Zaher AR. Treatment and post treatment changes in patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion after extraction and nonextraction treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997 Jan;111(1):18-27.
Bolton WA. Disharmony in tooth size and its relation to the analysis and treatment of malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1958 Jul;28(3):113-130.
Leitão P. Lower incisor extraction in Class I and Class II malocclusions: case reports. Prog Orthod 2004 Feb;5(2):186-199.
Meyer DM. Treatment of a crowded Class II malocclusion with significant maxillary incisor protrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995 Jul;108(1):85-89.
Goh YI, Bollano E, Einarson TR, Koren G. Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: a meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006 Aug;28(8):680-689.
Simpson JL, Shulman LP, Brown H, Holzgreve W. Closing the folate gap in reproductive-age women. Contemp Ob Gyn 2010;55:34-40.
Yang L, Jiang L, Bi M, Jia X, Wang Y, He C, Yao Y, Wang J, Wang Z. High dose of maternal folic acid supplementation is associated to infant asthma. Food Chem Toxicol 2015 Jan;75:88-93.
Fodinger M, Horl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G. Molecular biology of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. J Nephrol 2000 Jan-Feb;13(1):20-33.
Varga EA, Sturm AC, Misita CP, Moll S. Cardiology patient pages. Homocysteine and MTHFR mutations: relation to thrombosis and coronary artery disease. Circulation 2005 May;111(19):e289-e293.
Houghton LA, Sherwood KL, Pawlosky R, Ito S, O'Connor DL. [6S]-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate is at least as effective as folic acid in preventing a decline in blood folate concentrations during lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006 Apr;83(4):842-850.
Lamers Y, Prinz-Langenohl R, Moser R, Pietrzik K. Supplementation with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid equally reduces plasma total homocysteine concentrations in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004 Mar;79(3):473-478.
Obeid R, Holzgreve W, Pietrzik K. Is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate an alternative to folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects? J Perinat Med 2013 Sep;41(5):469-483.
NFHS-3. National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Survey (NNMBS), 2006.
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
Lone FW, Qureshi RN, Emanuel F. Maternal anaemia and its impact on perinatal outcome. Trop Med Int Health 2004 Apr;9(4):486-490.
Rahman MM, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Kanda M, Narita S, Bilano V, Ota E, Gilmour S, Shibuya K. Maternal anemia and risk of adverse birth and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016 Feb;103(2):495-504.
National Iron + Initiative. Guidelines for Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Adolescent Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India; 2013.
Berger J, Thanh HT, Cavalli-Sforza T, Smitasiri S, Khan NC, Milani S, Hoa PT, Quang ND, Viteri F. Community mobilization and social marketing to promote weekly iron-folic acid supplementation in women of reproductive age in Vietnam: impact on anemia and iron status. Nutr Rev 2005 Dec;63(12 Pt 2):S95-S108.
Misra A, Chowbey P, Makkar BM, Vikram NK, Wasir JS, Chadha D, Joshi SR, Sadikot S, Gupta R, Gulati S, et al. Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. J Assoc Physicians India 2009 Feb;57:163-170.
Sebire NJ, Jolly M, Harris JP, Wadsworth J, Joffe M, Beard RW, Regan L, Robinson S. Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287,213 pregnancies in London. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001 Aug;25(8):1175-1182.
Kumari P, Gupta M, Kahlon P, Malviya S. Association between high maternal body mass index (BMI) and feto-maternal outcome. J Obes Metab Res 2014;3:143-144.
Forsum E, Brantsaeter AL, Olafsdottir AS, Olsen SF, Thorsdottir I. Weight loss before conception: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr Res 2013;57.
Villamor E, Cnattingius S. Interpregnancy weight change and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Lancet 2006 Sep;368(9542):1164-1170.
Glazer NL, Hendrickson AF, Schellenbaum GD, Mueller BA. Weight change and the risk of gestational diabetes in obese women. Epidemiology 2004 Nov;15(6):733-737.
Kjaer MM, Nilas L. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery—a review of benefits and risks. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013 Mar;92(3):264-271.
Dornhorst A, Paterson CM, Nicholls JS, Wadsworth J, Chiu DC, Elkeles RS, Johnston DG, Beard RW. High prevalence of gestational diabetes in women from ethnic minority groups. Diabet Med 1992 Nov;9(9):820-825.
Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji MS, Sanjeevi CB, Green A. Gestational diabetes mellitus in India. J Assoc Physicians India 2004 Sep;52:707-711.
Wahabi HA, Esmaeil SA, Fayed A, Al-Shaikh G, Alzeidan RA. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Research Notes 2012;5:496.
Murphy HR, Roland JM, Skinner TC, Simmons D, Gurnell E, Morrish NJ, Soo SC, Kelly S, Lim B, Randall J, et al. Effectiveness of a regional prepregnancy care program in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: benefits beyond glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2010 Dec;33(12):2514-2520.
Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Sahay RK, Bantwal G, John M, Tewari N. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: An epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013 Jul-Aug;17(4):647-652.
El Baba KA, Azar ST. Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:227-230.
Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 1999 Aug;341(8):549-555.
Sahu MT, Das V, Mittal S, Agarwal A, Sahu M. Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010 Feb;281(2):215-220.
Kriplani A, Buckshee K, Bhargava VL, Takkar D, Ammini AC. Maternal and perinatal outcome in thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994 May;54(3):159-163.
Luewan S, Chakkabut P, Tongsong T. Outcomes of pregnancy complicated with hyperthyroidism: a cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011 Feb;283(2):243-247.
Spencer L, Bubner T, Bain E, Middleton P. Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Sep;9:CD011263.
Li M, Yao Q, Xing A. A clinical analysis of 188 cases of pregnancy complicated with critical heart disease. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2014 Nov;39(11):1145-1150.
Bhatla N, Lal S, Behera G, Kriplani A, Mittal S, Agarwal N, Talwar KK. Cardiac disease in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003 Aug;82(2):153-159.
Gelson E, Curry R, Gatzoulis MA, Swan L, Lupton M, Steer P, Johnson M. Effect of maternal heart disease on fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol 2011 Apr;117(4):886-891.
Arora N, Kausar H, Jana N, Mandal S, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee R. Congenital heart disease in pregnancy in a low-income country. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015 Jan;128(1):30-32.
Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000 Jul;183(1):S1-S22.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Management of chronic hypertension during pregnancy. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment no.14. AHRQ publication no. 00-E011. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2000.
Ferrer RL, Sibai BM, Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, Stevens KR, Cornell J. Management of mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy: a review. Obstet Gynecol 2000 Nov;96(5 Pt 2):849-860.
Sridharan R, Murthy BN. Prevalence and pattern of epilepsy in India. Epilepsia 1999 May;40(5):631-636.
Viale L, Allotey J, Cheong-See F, Arroyo-Manzano D, McCorry D, Bagary M, Mignini L, Khan KS, Zamora J, Thangaratinam S, et al. Epilepsy in pregnancy and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2015 Nov;386(10006):1845-1852.
Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Norby SM, Garovic VD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 Nov;5(11):2060-2068.
Hazes JM, Coulie PG, Geenen V, Vermeire S, Carbonnel F, Louis E, Masson P, De Keyser F. Rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy: evolution of disease activity and pathophysiological considerations for drug use. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011 Nov;50(11):1955-1968.
Velu PP, Gravett CA, Roberts TK, Wagner TA, Zhang JS, Rubens CE, Gravett MG, Campbell H, Rudan I. Epidemiology and aetiology of maternal bacterial and viral infections in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2011 Dec;1(2):171-188.
UNAIDS: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. 2010. Available from http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/Global_report.htm
Ioannidis JP, Abrams EJ, Ammann A, Bulterys M, Goedert JJ, Gray L, Korber BT, Mayaux MJ, Mofenson LM, Newell ML, et al. Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/ml. J Infect Dis 2001 Feb;183(4):539-545.
Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, Baggaley RC, Egger M, Siegfried N. Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr;4:CD009153.
Rimoin DL, Connor JM, Pyeritz RE, Korf BR. Emery and Rimoin's principles and practice of medical genetics. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007.
Verma IC, Puri RD. Global burden of genetic disease and the role of genetic screening. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2015 Oct;20(5):354-363.
White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM. Measles, mumps, and rubella. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012 Jun;55(2):550-559.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG educational bulletin: viral hepatitis in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998 Nov;63:195-202.
Geeta MG, Riyaz A. Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B infection. Indian Pediatr 2013;50:189-192.
Swamy GK, Beigi RH. Maternal benefits of immunization during pregnancy. Vaccine 2015 Nov;33(47):6436-6440.
Sukumaran L, McCarthy NL, Kharbanda EO, McNeil MM, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Jackson ML, Hambidge SJ, Lugg MM, Li R, et al. Association of Tdap vaccination with acute events and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women with prior tetanus-containing immunizations. JAMA 2015 Oct;314(15):1581-1587.
Singru SA, Tilak VW, Gandham N, Bhawalkar JS, Jadhav SL, Pandve HT. Study of susceptibility towards Varicella by screening for the presence of IgG antibodies among nursing and medical students of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Pune, India. J Glob Infect Dis 2011 Jan-Mar;3(1):37-41.
Nathwani D, Maclean A, Conway S, Carrington D. Varicella infections in pregnancy and the newborn. A review prepared for the UK Advisory Group on Chickenpox on behalf of the British Society for the Study of Infection. J Infect 1998;36 (Suppl 1):59-71.
Michaan N, Amzallag S, Laskov I, Cohen Y, Fried M, Lessing JB, Many A. Maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnant women infected with H1N1 influenza virus (swine flu). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012 Feb;25(2):130-132.
Smith NM, Bresee JS, Shay DK, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Strikas RA. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2006 Jul;55(RR-10):1-42.