Assessment of the Relationship between Adenoid Tissue and Mandibular Prognathism: A Cephalometric Study
Siddharth Mehta, Kamal Bajaj, Esha Nagpal, Vikas Jharwal
Keywords :
Adenoids, Airway, Cephalometry, Head posture, Prognathic mandible
Citation Information :
Mehta S, Bajaj K, Nagpal E, Jharwal V. Assessment of the Relationship between Adenoid Tissue and Mandibular Prognathism: A Cephalometric Study. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2018; 3 (2):50-53.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mandibular prognathism is associated with enlarged adenoids.
Materials and methods: The adenoid tissue dimensions were assessed in 92 females (age: 15–30 years) and further divided into three groups: Group I—normal mandible (76° ≤ SNB ≤ 82°; n = 31); Group II—mandibular retrognathism (SNB < 76°; n = 31); Group III—mandibular prognathism (SNB > 82°; n = 30). All subjects were examined by lateral cephalometry with the head position standardized using an inclinometer.
Results and conclusion: Results showed no statistically significant difference in the adenoid tissue dimensions among the three groups. Thus, patients with a prognathic mandible do not show enlarged adenoids.
Van Cauwenberge PB, Bellussi L, et al. The adenoid as a key factor in upper airway infections. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1995;32(Suppl):71–80. DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(94)01146-O.
Linder-Aronson S. Adenoids: their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the dentition. Acta Otolaryngol 1970;265(Suppl):1–132.
Handelman CS, Osborne G. Growth of the nasopharynx and adenoid development from one to eighteen years. Angle Orthod 1976;46:243–259. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1976)046<0243:GOTNAA>2.0.CO;2.
Linder-Aronson S, Woodside D. The growth in the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in relation to some other facial variables. In: McNamara JA Jr. ed. Naso-respiratory function and craniofacial growth, Monograph No 9. Craniofacial growth series. Ann Arbor: Center for Human Growth and Development; The University of Michigan; 1979. p. 27–40.
Linder-Aronson S, Leighton BC. A longitudinal study of the development of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall between 3 and 16 years of age. Eur J Orthod 1983;5:47–58. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/5.1.47.
Takemoto Y, Saitoh I, et al. Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion. Angle Orthod 2011;81:75–80. DOI: 10.2319/013010-65.1.
Jeans WD, Fernando DCJ, et al. A longitudinal study of the growth of the nasopharynx and its contents in normal children. Br J Radiol 1981;54:117–121. DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-54-638-117.
Mehta S, Lodha S, et al. Mandibular morphology and pharyngeal airway space: A cephalometric study. APOS Trends Orthod 2015;5: 22–28. DOI: 10.4103/2321-1407.148021.
Havas T, Lowinger D. Obstructive Adenoid Tissue an Indication for Powered-Shaver Adenoidectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg July 2002;128:789–791. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.128.7.789.
Pellan P. Naso-Respiratory Impairment and Development of Dento-Skeletal. Int JO Fall 2005;16(3):9–11.
Linder-Aronson S, Woodside DG, et al. Mandibular growth direction following adenoidectomy. Am J Orthod 1986;89:273–284. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(86)90049-7.
Behlfelt K, Linder-Aronson S, et al. Dentition in children with enlarged tonsils compared to control children. Eur J Orthod 1989;11:416–429. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a036014.
Kerr WJ, McWilliam JS, et al. Mandibular form and position related to changed mode of breathing—a fiveyear longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 1989;59:91–96.
de Freitas MR, Alcazar NM, et al. Upper and lower pharyngeal airways in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions and different growth patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130:742–745. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.033.
Vargervik K, Miller AJ, et al. Morphologic response to changes in neuromuscular patterns experimentally induced by altered modes of respiration. Am J Orthod 1984;85:115–124. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90003-4.
Shintani T, Asakura K, et al. Evaluation of the role of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and facial morphology in children with obstructive sleep apnea. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1997;59:286–291. DOI: 10.1159/000276955.
Kawashima S, Peltomaki T, et al. Craniofacial morphology in preschool children with sleep-related breathing disorder and hypertrophy of tonsils. Acta Paediatr 2002;91:71–77. DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01644.x.
Jacobson A, Evans WG, et al. Mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod 1974;66:140–171. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(74)90233-4.
Rubin RM. Effects of Nasal Airway Obstruction on Facial Growth. Ear, Nose & Throat J 1987;66:44–53.
Sousa JB, Anselmo-Lima WT, et al. Cephalometric assessment of the mandibular growth pattern in mouth-breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005;69:311–317. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.10.010.
Franco LP, Souki BQ, et al. Are distinct etiologies of upper airway obstruction in mouth-breathing children associated with different cephalometric patterns? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015;79: 223–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.12.013.
Muto T, Yamazaki A, et al. Relationship between the pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology, taking into account head posture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;35:132–136. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.04.022.